Exploring Alcatraz Island

Alcatraz Island, located in the San Francisco Bay, is a captivating destination for visitors looking to explore something unique. Steeped in history and mystery, it is best known as the site of one of the most infamous federal prisons in the United States.

A visit to the island offers an opportunity to delve into the stories of its famous inmates, explore the prison’s architecture, and enjoy postcard-worthy views of San Francisco and the surrounding bay. Additionally, Alcatraz is part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, a protected natural environment rich in local flora and fauna.

For tourists interested in guided experiences, several tours are available, providing in-depth insights into the island’s history and the lives of its notorious prisoners. Planning a trip to Alcatraz is truly a journey through time, filled with captivating stories and unforgettable scenery.

The History of Alcatraz

Alcatraz Island boasts a rich and varied history that predates its fame as a federal prison. Originally, it was used by Native Americans as a place of isolation for tribal members who broke tribal laws. In 1775, Spanish explorer Juan Manuel de Ayala mapped the island and named it “La Isla de los Alcatraces,” or “The Island of the Pelicans,” due to the abundance of these birds.

In 1850, President Millard Fillmore signed an executive order designating Alcatraz for military use. The U.S. Army constructed a fortress and installed cannons to protect the San Francisco Bay. During the American Civil War, the island was used as a military prison for Confederate prisoners of war and Union soldiers accused of desertion.

In 1933, the U.S. Department of Justice acquired Alcatraz from the Army and converted it into a maximum-security federal prison. The facility began operating as a federal penitentiary in 1934, housing some of the most notorious criminals of the era. Its isolated location and the frigid, turbulent waters of the surrounding bay made it virtually escape-proof.

Alcatraz operated as a federal prison until 1963, when it was closed due to high operational and maintenance costs. Later, in 1972, the island became part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and was opened to the public as a historical site. Today, Alcatraz is one of San Francisco’s most visited attractions, offering visitors a fascinating glimpse into the criminal and military history of the United States.

Famous Inmates of Alcatraz

During its 29 years as a federal prison, Alcatraz Island housed some of the most notorious and dangerous criminals in the United States. Among its most famous inmates are the following:

• Alphonse "Al" Capone: Perhaps the most infamous American gangster, Al Capone was transferred to Alcatraz in 1934. Despite his significant influence in the criminal world, inside the prison, he was treated like any other inmate and subjected to the institution’s strict rules.
• George "Machine Gun" Kelly: Known for his bootlegging and kidnapping activities, Kelly was incarcerated at Alcatraz in 1934. During his time on the island, he kept a low profile to avoid trouble with prison authorities.
• Robert Stroud, "The Birdman of Alcatraz": Convicted of murder, Stroud became famous for his bird studies while imprisoned at Leavenworth Penitentiary. However, at Alcatraz, he was not allowed to continue his ornithological research.
• Mickey Cohen: A former boxer turned gangster, Cohen was imprisoned at Alcatraz in the 1960s for tax evasion. His time on the island was marked by tensions with other inmates and health issues.
• James "Whitey" Bulger: The infamous Boston mob boss was held at Alcatraz in the 1950s for armed robbery and other crimes. After his release, he continued his criminal career until his eventual capture in 2011.

These individuals were just some of those who contributed to Alcatraz’s reputation as a prison for the most dangerous and infamous criminals of its time.

What to See in Alcatraz National Park

Today, Alcatraz Island is part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and offers visitors a variety of historical and natural attractions. Here are some must-see spots:

• The Prison Building: At the heart of the island is the penitentiary itself, where visitors can explore the cells, dining hall, and infirmary. The cells, particularly narrow, give a vivid sense of the harsh living conditions. Through an audio guide or guided tour, visitors can hear gripping stories of interactions between inmates and guards, with firsthand accounts that make the experience deeply immersive.
• The Guard Tower: Strategically located, this tower provides insight into the prison’s security operations. It also offers stunning panoramic views of San Francisco Bay.
• Alcatraz Lighthouse: Built in 1854, it is the oldest operating lighthouse on the West Coast of the United States. While not open to the public, it remains one of the island’s iconic landmarks and a fantastic spot for photography.
• The Alcatraz Gardens: Not everyone knows that the island hosts beautiful gardens initially cultivated by inmates and guards. Today, volunteers maintain these gardens, which feature rare plants and colorful flowers that contrast with the starkness of the surrounding architecture.
• Natural Habitats: Alcatraz is also a vital wildlife refuge. Visitors can spot seabirds such as cormorants and pelicans, which find a safe haven on the island to live and breed.
• Historical Exhibits: The island hosts permanent exhibits that delve into Alcatraz’s history, from its origins as a military fortress to its transformation into a national park. Since these exhibits change regularly, it’s a good idea to check the official website before your visit.

Where Alcatraz is Located and How to Get There

Alcatraz Island is located in the San Francisco Bay, about 2 kilometers (1.25 miles) from the city’s coastline, in an isolated position surrounded by cold waters and strong currents, making it ideal as a detention facility. Today, it is easily accessible via ferries departing from Pier 33 in San Francisco. Here’s how to reach it, depending on your chosen mode of transportation.

• By public transportation: Visitors can use buses or streetcars to reach Pier 33 from almost anywhere in the city. The F Market & Wharves line is especially convenient for traveling along the waterfront.
• By car: Those driving can head to downtown San Francisco and park in one of the nearby garages close to the pier. Arriving early is recommended, especially during peak seasons, as parking can get crowded.
• With the City Tour + Alcatraz: Combo package: Deluxe City Tour and Alcatraz Island Ferryboat to experience San Francisco and visit the infamous penitentiary at your own pace and with the help of the multilingual audio guide included in the ticket.

Regardless of how you arrive, the final stretch to Alcatraz must be completed by boat. The only way to reach the island is via the official ferry operated by Alcatraz Cruises. Departures take place from Pier 33, and the journey takes approximately 15 minutes. Tickets can be purchased online or on-site, but booking in advance is recommended to avoid long waits.

Hours and Tickets

Alcatraz is open to the public year-round, but operating hours vary depending on the season. Generally, ferries begin departing at 9:00 AM, with the last return trip around 6:30 PM. During the summer, evening tours are also available, offering a uniquely atmospheric experience.

Tickets to visit Alcatraz include round-trip ferry transportation and entrance to the national park. Prices vary depending on the type of tour selected:

• Standard Day Tour: Perfect for those who want to explore the island and prison at their own pace.
• Evening Tour: A more intimate and mysterious experience, allowing visitors to see the island illuminated by the lights of the bay.
• Behind-the-Scenes Tour: An in-depth guided visit that includes areas not accessible during standard tours.

Discounts and Free Admission Days:

• Children under 4 years old enter for free.
• Discounts are available for groups, students, and seniors.
• On National Park Days, admission is free for everyone, though ferry tickets must still be purchased.

Booking tickets well in advance, especially during peak seasons (several months ahead), is highly recommended to secure your preferred entry time and guarantee availability.

MAP - Departure Point